Dijital Çağda Toplumsal Protesto Ve Kimlik İnşası: Çin’de Dijital Milliyetçilik Ve ABD’de Black Lives Matter Hareketinin Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analizi
Abstract
Bu makale, 21. yüzyılın en öne çıkan iki dijital sosyal olgusunu karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz etmektedir: Çin'deki dijital milliyetçilik ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki Siyahilerin Hayatı Önemlidir (Black Lives Matter - BLM) hareketi. Her iki olgu da kimlik inşası ve sosyal seferberlik için dijital platformları merkezi bir araç olarak kullanmasına rağmen, devletle ilişkileri, örgütsel yapıları, temel söylemleri ve kimlik inşası süreçleri açısından tamamen zıt dinamikler sergilemektedir. Çin'de dijital milliyetçilik genellikle devlet anlatılarıyla simbiyotik bir ilişki içinde gelişir, "Utanç Yüzyılı" gibi tarihsel travmaları yeniden üretir ve dışsal "öteki"ye karşı ulusal kimliği güçlendirir; yukarıdan aşağıya ve aşağıdan yukarıya unsurların bir kombinasyonundan oluşan bir yapı sunar. Buna karşılık, ABD'de ortaya çıkan BLM hareketi, devlet şiddetine ve sistemik ırkçılığa karşı gelişen, merkezi olmayan, ağ tabanlı bir karşı-hegemonik direniş biçimidir. Hareket, dijital araçları kullanarak marjinalleştirilmiş kimlikleri (özellikle Siyah kimliğini) geri kazanmayı, tarihsel anlatıları sorgulamayı ve adalet arayışında tabandan örgütlenmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, sosyal hareket teorileri, dijital aktivizm ve milliyetçilik çalışmaları literatüründen yararlanarak, bu iki hareketin dijital teknolojileri farklı şekillerde nasıl kullandığını analiz etmektedir. Makale, dijital platformların mimarisinin ve faaliyet gösterdikleri siyasi rejimin, sosyal hareketlerin karakterini ve hedeflerini belirlemede ne kadar kritik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu karşılaştırma, dijital çağda sosyal protesto ve kimlik inşasının tek bir model üzerinden anlaşılamayacağını; aksine, yerel siyasi, tarihsel ve teknolojik bağlamların bu süreçleri derinden şekillendirdiğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dijital Milliyetçilik, Siyahilerin Hayatı Önemlidir, Sosyal Hareketler, Dijital Aktivizm, Kimlik İnşası.
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